Chronic constipation is infrequent, difficult, or incomplete bowel movements — often fewer than three per week, with straining, hard stools, or a sense of incomplete emptying — lasting at least three months. Causes range from low fiber or fluid intake and inactivity to certain medications or underlying conditions like IBS or hypothyroidism. Treatment typically starts with diet and lifestyle changes, progressing to laxatives if needed, though new or severe symptoms warrant a doctor’s visit.